Building energy labels and owners' finances

Name: Building energy labels and owners' finances
Creator: companydata.dk
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Energy labels for Danish buildings with CVR-registered owners: municipality, use and age comparisons, owners' annual accounts and downloadable data.

As of 13 September 2026. Report extraction: 13 September 2026.

Source: companydata.dk · EJF, BBR, EMOData, CVR/XBRL.

Figures, tables and charts are published under CC BY 4.0. Reuse and attribution

54,561 of 193,713 buildings with a matched valid energy label are rated D–G (28.17%). We connect physical buildings with CVR-registered owners, then examine the owners' 2025 accounts.

564,977 unique completed buildings with registered CVR ownership, including partial ownership and flats. 193,713 have a matched valid label.

D–G among labelled buildings: 28.17 %
F–G among labelled buildings: 4.23 %
Label coverage: 34.29 %

How much of the building stock can we see?

An unambiguous valid label was matched to 193,713 of 564,977 eligible buildings (34.29%). The other 371,264 are kept in the coverage denominator. A missing match does not show that a building lacks a legally required label.

View figures and methodology

Energy labels alongside owners' balance sheets

Among owners with at least one D–G building and matched 2025 accounts, 871 of 9,796 had negative equity (8.89%). For owners with only A–C among their matched labels, the figure was 651 of 9,260 (7.03%). Portfolio size, ownership structure and accounting coverage differ; this is not a causal or credit-risk comparison.

View figures and methodology

Where D–G labels are most common

Tønder had the highest D–G share among 97 municipalities with at least 100 matched labels: 863 of 1,718 (50.23%). Its label coverage was 27.32%. This is an unadjusted comparison of the observed building mix.

View figures and methodology

Buildings are counted once across flats and co-owners. Buildings without an unambiguous valid label are excluded from this chart and shown in the coverage tables.

The energy-label distribution

Each physical building counts once, including buildings where a CVR owner owns only a flat or a share. A combines A2020, A2015, A2010 and other recorded A variants. Shares use matched, currently valid labels.

The energy-label distribution
Group
A (all A classes)	34,509	17.81
B	32,751	16.91
C	71,892	37.11
D	33,920	17.51
E	12,452	6.43
F	5,254	2.71
G	2,935	1.52

Municipalities: building locations

Municipalities come from the building's BBR record, not the owner's registered office. Groups below 100 buildings are omitted. D–G and F–G shares use labelled buildings; coverage uses all eligible buildings. Percentages with fewer than 30 observations are blank. Group differences can reflect use, age and label coverage.

Find group or code

Scroll sideways for all columns. Click a metric to sort the groups.

Municipalities: building locations
Code	Group
0751	Aarhus	26,873	11,061	41.16	2,033	18.38	141	1.27	15,812
0101	København	26,737	10,567	39.52	2,620	24.79	208	1.97	16,170
0851	Aalborg	19,753	8,029	40.65	1,534	19.11	182	2.27	11,724
0461	Odense	17,308	7,411	42.82	2,142	28.9	240	3.24	9,897
0630	Vejle	14,428	5,250	36.39	1,220	23.24	190	3.62	9,178
0561	Esbjerg	12,615	4,708	37.32	1,507	32.01	215	4.57	7,907
0621	Kolding	11,723	4,687	39.98	1,122	23.94	158	3.37	7,036
0740	Silkeborg	11,500	3,770	32.78	844	22.39	92	2.44	7,730
0540	Sønderborg	8,714	3,737	42.89	956	25.58	117	3.13	4,977
0791	Viborg	12,723	3,627	28.51	916	25.26	141	3.89	9,096
0730	Randers	9,851	3,510	35.63	1,033	29.43	107	3.05	6,341
0330	Slagelse	8,656	3,330	38.47	1,209	36.31	201	6.04	5,326
0657	Herning	11,165	3,275	29.33	829	25.31	94	2.87	7,890
0615	Horsens	8,800	3,260	37.05	790	24.23	112	3.44	5,540
0813	Frederikshavn	9,487	2,989	31.51	774	25.89	141	4.72	6,498
0580	Aabenraa	8,142	2,865	35.19	990	34.55	166	5.79	5,277
0370	Næstved	8,918	2,826	31.69	782	27.67	155	5.48	6,092
0510	Haderslev	7,568	2,668	35.25	1,059	39.69	166	6.22	4,900
0430	Faaborg-Midtfyn	7,134	2,571	36.04	740	28.78	166	6.46	4,563
0410	Middelfart	6,229	2,503	40.18	449	17.94	96	3.84	3,726
0661	Holstebro	8,447	2,410	28.53	516	21.41	74	3.07	6,037
0760	Ringkøbing-Skjern	10,605	2,329	21.96	463	19.88	91	3.91	8,276
0316	Holbæk	6,748	2,276	33.73	814	35.76	178	7.82	4,472
0479	Svendborg	6,258	2,274	36.34	657	28.89	116	5.1	3,984
0265	Roskilde	6,260	2,245	35.86	564	25.12	65	2.9	4,015
0860	Hjørring	8,884	2,241	25.23	755	33.69	156	6.96	6,643
0766	Hedensted	7,431	2,231	30.02	529	23.71	79	3.54	5,200
0746	Skanderborg	5,581	2,093	37.5	470	22.46	36	1.72	3,488
0575	Vejen	6,710	2,031	30.27	719	35.4	112	5.51	4,679
0440	Kerteminde	4,691	2,015	42.95	871	43.23	69	3.42	2,676
0607	Fredericia	5,419	2,000	36.91	570	28.5	65	3.25	3,419
0165	Albertslund	3,434	1,996	58.12	201	10.07	9	0.45	1,438
0420	Assens	5,689	1,995	35.07	665	33.33	193	9.67	3,694
0376	Guldborgsund	6,759	1,989	29.43	740	37.2	198	9.95	4,770
0259	Køge	4,806	1,984	41.28	514	25.91	115	5.8	2,822
0159	Gladsaxe	3,666	1,951	53.22	887	45.46	49	2.51	1,715
0326	Kalundborg	5,995	1,942	32.39	731	37.64	170	8.75	4,053
0217	Helsingør	4,455	1,910	42.87	673	35.24	108	5.65	2,545
0147	Frederiksberg	3,370	1,901	56.41	541	28.46	37	1.95	1,469
0573	Varde	7,320	1,897	25.92	600	31.63	110	5.8	5,423
0151	Ballerup	6,255	1,816	29.03	397	21.86	23	1.27	4,439
0400	Bornholm	6,019	1,758	29.21	605	34.41	94	5.35	4,261
0320	Faxe	4,278	1,753	40.98	439	25.04	63	3.59	2,525
0550	Tønder	6,288	1,718	27.32	863	50.23	122	7.1	4,570
0360	Lolland	5,566	1,637	29.41	783	47.83	203	12.4	3,929
0706	Syddjurs	5,609	1,628	29.02	546	33.54	71	4.36	3,981
0779	Skive	6,184	1,598	25.84	551	34.48	70	4.38	4,586
0756	Ikast-Brande	5,661	1,580	27.91	503	31.84	67	4.24	4,081
0250	Frederikssund	4,500	1,519	33.76	484	31.86	89	5.86	2,981
0230	Rudersdal	3,268	1,452	44.43	504	34.71	68	4.68	1,816
0173	Lyngby-Taarbæk	3,006	1,449	48.2	489	33.75	63	4.35	1,557
0390	Vordingborg	4,432	1,423	32.11	536	37.67	123	8.64	3,009
0810	Brønderslev	4,340	1,422	32.76	376	26.44	58	4.08	2,918
0846	Mariagerfjord	5,964	1,377	23.09	454	32.97	68	4.94	4,587
0710	Favrskov	4,601	1,375	29.88	263	19.13	37	2.69	3,226
0219	Hillerød	3,520	1,360	38.64	350	25.74	57	4.19	2,160
0787	Thisted	6,659	1,359	20.41	366	26.93	83	6.11	5,300
0306	Odsherred	4,073	1,340	32.9	548	40.9	121	9.03	2,733
0820	Vesthimmerlands	6,066	1,335	22.01	416	31.16	77	5.77	4,731
0450	Nyborg	3,627	1,331	36.7	311	23.37	64	4.81	2,296
0530	Billund	4,678	1,313	28.07	423	32.22	60	4.57	3,365
0340	Sorø	3,358	1,278	38.06	398	31.14	82	6.42	2,080
0849	Jammerbugt	4,980	1,178	23.65	370	31.41	67	5.69	3,802
0157	Gentofte	2,923	1,144	39.14	549	47.99	106	9.27	1,779
0190	Furesø	2,048	1,124	54.88	371	33.01	26	2.31	924
0210	Fredensborg	2,701	1,119	41.43	374	33.42	32	2.86	1,582
0253	Greve	2,728	1,090	39.96	269	24.68	43	3.94	1,638
0707	Norddjurs	4,959	1,086	21.9	351	32.32	65	5.99	3,873
0329	Ringsted	2,984	1,070	35.86	326	30.47	54	5.05	1,914
0169	Høje-Taastrup	3,493	1,052	30.12	183	17.4	33	3.14	2,441
0167	Hvidovre	2,311	1,045	45.22	259	24.78	23	2.2	1,266
0480	Nordfyns	4,491	1,040	23.16	348	33.46	83	7.98	3,451
0163	Herlev	2,125	1,035	48.71	317	30.63	18	1.74	1,090
0175	Rødovre	2,063	904	43.82	309	34.18	27	2.99	1,159
0840	Rebild	3,212	894	27.83	160	17.9	34	3.8	2,318
0270	Gribskov	3,261	877	26.89	234	26.68	54	6.16	2,384
0260	Halsnæs	2,687	851	31.67	253	29.73	47	5.52	1,836
0240	Egedal	2,279	837	36.73	167	19.95	40	4.78	1,442
0350	Lejre	2,439	833	34.15	273	32.77	56	6.72	1,606
0153	Brøndby	1,727	824	47.71	288	34.95	24	2.91	903
0336	Stevns	2,263	812	35.88	274	33.74	64	7.88	1,451
0671	Struer	2,967	789	26.59	164	20.79	21	2.66	2,178
0185	Tårnby	3,601	766	21.27	273	35.64	40	5.22	2,835
0727	Odder	2,097	678	32.33	161	23.75	24	3.54	1,419
0773	Morsø	3,110	660	21.22	202	30.61	57	8.64	2,450
0161	Glostrup	2,953	617	20.89	178	28.85	17	2.76	2,336
0201	Allerød	1,673	590	35.27	194	32.88	17	2.88	1,083
0665	Lemvig	3,376	560	16.59	182	32.5	25	4.46	2,816
0183	Ishøj	1,774	540	30.44	87	16.11	15	2.78	1,234
0223	Hørsholm	1,109	526	47.43	213	40.49	64	12.17	583
0482	Langeland	2,244	503	22.42	212	42.15	36	7.16	1,741
0269	Solrød	1,035	418	40.39	86	20.57	17	4.07	617
0155	Dragør	1,559	323	20.72	91	28.17	14	4.33	1,236
0187	Vallensbæk	580	229	39.48	28	12.23	7	3.06	351
0492	Ærø	883	203	22.99	74	36.45	27	13.3	680
0563	Fanø	389	127	32.65	36	28.35	8	6.3	262
0741	Samsø	790	111	14.05	36	32.43	10	9.01	679
0825	Læsø	359	83	23.12	35	42.17	13	15.66	276

Building use

Current BBR use, grouped by the first digit. CVR ownership includes residential buildings, public bodies and associations. Groups below 100 buildings are omitted. D–G and F–G shares use labelled buildings; coverage uses all eligible buildings. Percentages with fewer than 30 observations are blank. Group differences can reflect use, age and label coverage.

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Building use
Group
Residential (BBR 1xx)	283,085	156,003	55.11	41,408	26.54	5,891	3.78	127,082
Commerce, offices and transport (BBR 3xx)	94,880	18,452	19.45	6,370	34.52	1,255	6.8	76,428
Institutions (BBR 4xx)	42,901	14,767	34.42	5,349	36.22	714	4.84	28,134
Leisure and holiday use (BBR 5xx)	56,514	4,214	7.46	1,318	31.28	290	6.88	52,300
Production and agriculture (BBR 2xx)	87,597	277	0.32	116	41.88	39	14.08	87,320

Construction year

Newest construction periods first. Construction year is not the year of the latest renovation. Groups below 100 buildings are omitted. D–G and F–G shares use labelled buildings; coverage uses all eligible buildings. Percentages with fewer than 30 observations are blank. Group differences can reflect use, age and label coverage.

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Construction year
Group
2016 onwards	64,138	23,746	37.02	61	0.26	20	0.08	40,392
2000–2015	83,279	24,263	29.13	834	3.44	62	0.26	59,016
1980–1999	137,556	51,780	37.64	7,284	14.07	387	0.75	85,776
1960–1979	112,543	35,005	31.1	13,612	38.89	1,543	4.41	77,538
1940–1959	56,265	21,953	39.02	12,955	59.01	1,902	8.66	34,312
Before 1940	111,131	36,965	33.26	19,815	53.6	4,275	11.56	74,166

2025: owners' annual accounts

Each CVR owner belongs to one group. Any D–G label takes priority; 'only A–C' describes known labels and does not imply a fully labelled portfolio. Accounting percentages use matched calendar-year DKK accounts with both equity and profit/loss. Missing accounts are shown through coverage. Current ownership is compared with earlier accounts; these are associations, not evidence of renovation capacity or causation.

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2025: owners' annual accounts
Financial year	Group
2025	At least one building with D–G	19,260	9,796	50.86	871	8.89	2,648	27.03	9,791	35.23	9,796
2025	Only A–C among matched labels	22,002	9,260	42.09	651	7.03	2,198	23.74	9,257	37	9,260
2025	No building with a matched valid label	57,631	21,050	36.53	1,728	8.21	5,867	27.87	21,040	45.36	21,050

Population and matching coverage

The steps use different units: ownership records, BFEs, physical buildings and label serials. They must not be added together. The building table below reconciles the final population. Missing or ambiguous links remain unknown; they are not assigned a favourable energy class.

Population and matching coverage
Group
Active ownership records before exclusions	577,059
Excluded: missing CVR, BFE, effective date eligibility or positive share	4,348
Unique BFEs with eligible CVR ownership	560,817
Unique BFE/CVR links	572,711
BFEs with a completed energy-label lookup	559,846
BFEs found in property data	560,817
BFEs with building IDs	411,508
Unique building IDs before status and use restrictions	1,235,622
Unique valid label serials in property lookups	160,908
Completed buildings with BBR use 1xx–5xx	564,977
Eligible buildings with a building number	564,977
Eligible buildings with a known BBR municipality	564,977
Label serials matched to eligible buildings	145,667
Buildings with conflicting latest labels	207

All eligible buildings

Labelled plus unknown equals the eligible building population. This is a registry-linked population, not an estimate for all Danish buildings or all commercial property.

Scroll sideways for all columns. Click a metric to sort the groups.

All eligible buildings
Group
All buildings	564,977	193,713	34.29	54,561	28.17	8,189	4.23	371,264

Source and methodology

Source: companydata.dk · EJF, BBR, EMOData, CVR/XBRL. Reviewed snapshot. Daily catalogue updates retain this report's extraction date until a new edition is generated. A saved edition preserves the figures, methodology and downloads from the same extraction.

Read Statistics Denmark's documentation

Population: current EJF ownership records with a valid CVR/BFE, effective ownership and a positive actual share, falling back to the registered share only when the actual fraction is incomplete. Duplicate BFE/CVR links are removed. CVR owners include businesses, associations and public bodies; sole traders may also be present.

Physical buildings are deduplicated by BBR UUID across properties, flats and co-owners. Only completed buildings (BBR status 6) with use codes 1xx–5xx enter the population. Garages and other secondary buildings are excluded. Partial ownership or ownership of one flat is sufficient for a link; we do not claim that the whole building is company-owned and do not sum building areas or ownership fractions.

EMO labels are linked by building number within an explicitly identified BFE. Address results require their recorded mother BFE, whose BBR building IDs supply the scope. Missing BFE scope, repeated numbers and ambiguous building matches are rejected. The legacy BBR import lacks building numbers; a separate, dated Datafordeler supplement supplies them, with a maximum cache age of 30 days.

Labels must have stored status VALID and recorded start/end dates covering the extraction date in Copenhagen. The latest valid-from date wins for each building; conflicting classes on that date are unknown. A label covering several explicitly matched buildings contributes once to each building. The property-level headline label is never broadcast to all buildings. All A variants are combined as A.

D–G and F–G are descriptive bands on the recorded energy scale, not legal renovation deadlines, measured energy bills or estimates of renovation costs. Validity is based on stored source fields; unrecorded renovations and later source corrections can change the picture. Missing matches do not establish non-compliance.

Geography is the building's BBR municipality. Use and construction year also come from BBR, not the owner's industry or office address. Group comparisons are unadjusted for building mix and unequal label coverage. We do not extrapolate these figures to the whole country. Groups below 100 buildings are omitted; rates and medians require at least 30 observations.

Owner finances use 2025 DKK calendar-year accounts published by extraction, with exactly one filing ending in that year and finite equity and profit/loss. Current owners are counted once in disjoint D–G, known-A–C and no-matched-label groups. A co-owned building can link to several owners, so owner counts and building counts have different denominators. Owners without comparable accounts remain in accounting coverage, not in financial percentage denominators.

Equity ratios require positive total assets. Legacy financial extraction does not verify separate-company versus consolidated scope; the table discloses this count. We do not add monetary values across potentially overlapping groups and subsidiaries. Earlier accounts and current ownership do not establish renovation capacity, causation or insolvency risk.

Methodology version building-energy-1.0. Edition 14ffb49474ab878d30884a7b.

Reuse and attribution

You may freely reuse the figures and chart, including in editorial and commercial publications, provided you credit companydata.dk · EJF, BBR, EMOData, CVR/XBRL and link to this page. Include the compilation date and describe any changes you make to the chart.

Figures, tables and charts are published under CC BY 4.0.

Suggested citation for this edition:

Building energy labels and owners' finances. Source: companydata.dk · EJF, BBR, EMOData, CVR/XBRL. As of 13 September 2026.
https://companydata.dk/en/statistik/energimaerker-og-ejernes-oekonomi?revision=14ffb49474ab878d30884a7b